Editing Heresy (section)

== Chart of heretical and schismatic movements outside Catholic orthodoxy ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Movement
!Century
!Belief
!Category 1
!Category 2
!Heresy / Heterodoxy
|-
| rowspan="2" |
==== Judaisers ====
| rowspan="2" |1st
|Judaism required for Christians
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|insisted upon adherence to Jewish Law, or that pagan converts must first become Jewish before becoming Christian
|rigorism
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|New Covenant
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==== Marcianism ====
|2nd
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* c. 144 AD, Marcion preached that the New Testament God was different from an "evil Creator" god
* thus he held that the Father is a distinct god from the Son
* believed that Paul was the only true Apostle 
|dualism
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==== Montanism ====
|2nd
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* C. 156 AD, Montanus preached against worldliness in the Church and taught return to supposed Christian simplicity
* Montanus believed he was inspired by the "Paraclete" (Holy Spirit)
* his movement was called "New Prophesy"

* had two female followers, Prisca and Priscilla who also claimed to be inspired by the Holy Spirit and practiced "ecstatic" worship
* Montanism denied the unique Sacramental office of priests, such as forgiveness of sins and church offices
|rigorism
|ascetisism
|"new prophesy" 
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|demanded purity for sacramental office
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==== Pelagianism ====
|4th
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* humans retain divine grace inherently, and are not born with original sin.
* therefore, humans merely need to exercise their free will to achieve God's perfection on earth 
* as such, Pelagius taught that people must live sinless lives
* and thereby do not need God's Grace for salvation
|asceticism
|rigorism
|denied original sin
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| rowspan="8" |
==== Origenism ====
| rowspan="8" |3rd
|Origin denied the Persons of the Trinity; claimed the Son is subordinate to God
|dissimilarity
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|Christ only divine, denies the Trinity
|gnosticism
|dualism
|rejected the Old Testament
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| colspan="4" |
*Marcion believed in Christ as the "benevolent God" and YAHWEY of the Old Testament as evil
* believed that Paul was the only true Apostle, and he rejected the Old Testament and accepted only the Gospel of Luke and the Letters of Paul
* Marcionism differs from Gnosticism in that Marcion did not adhere to the doctrine of "secret wisdom," basing his beliefs on the Letters of Paul.
|-
|Christ the man was "adopted" by God 
|gnosticism
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|rejected the Trinity
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| colspan="4" |Various forms, but primarily believed the Jesus the man was not God but that God adopted Jesus at his birth and his spirit was returned to God at the Resurrection and Ascension
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|Prophesy 
|prophetic
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| colspan="4" |"New Prophesy" movement adhered to Christian orthodoxy but focused on prophesy and revelations from the Holy Spirit
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* from the Alexandrian Church; influenced Arian

* did not believe in literal meaning of Old Testament (allegorical only)
* believed that God created angels before he created the material world; also that God created demons
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|dualism
universalism
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| rowspan="2" |
==== Novatianism ====
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|no salvation for ''lapsi'' (apostates who denied Christ in face of oppression)
|rigorism
|asceticism
|reconciliation impossible
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| colspan="4" |
*Novatian believed that no sinner should be allowed into a church; forbade remarriage

* denied return of ''Lapsi'' (apostates) after the Decian persecution; his followers called themselves the "Church of the Pure"
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| rowspan="2" |
==== Arianism ====
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|Denied divinity of Christ
|dissimilarity 
|dualism
|rejected the Trinity
|-
| colspan="4" |
* Thought that Christ was created by God as a sort of divine creature and that he also had a human person but it becomes dualist because Christ is separate from God
* rejects incarnation and therefore the hypostatic union of Christ as fully God and Man
** this implicates salvation itself, as, if Christ is not fully God, then he cannot redeem us
* Arianism can be summarized as belief in the "Son of God but not God the Son"
* was attractive to Germanic peoples, especially Visigoths
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| rowspan="2" |

==== Donatism ====
| rowspan="2" |4th-6th
|sacramental office must be faultless
|rigorism
|asceticism
|reconciliation impossible
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| colspan="4" |
* followers of North African bishop Danatus Magnus, believed that Church officers must be pure in all ways
* has origins in ''lapsi'' controversies following the Diocletian persecutions (now called "''traditores''" (for handing faith over to Roman persecuters)
* Donatists held that priests ''lapsis'' lost their Holy Orders and the sacraments they had administered were invalid (posing a terrific problem for anyone who received a sacrament from such a priest)
* Orthodox arguments against the heresy pointed out that St Peter was a ''lapsi'' and was forgiven by Christ
* Augustine argued that the Parable of the Banquet (Lk 14:15) showed the God wanted all people invited to the Church
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| rowspan="2" |
==== Nestorianism ====
| rowspan="2" |5th
|Christ human only
|dissimilarity 
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|rejected the Trinity
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| colspan="4" |denied Mary as Mother of God; taught the "prosopic union" of Christ as divine and human as separate entities
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==== Monothelitism ====
|7th
|denied that Christ exercised a human will distinct from his divine will
|gnosticism
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|while not a gnostic movemenbt, monothelitism denies the hypostasic union of Christ as both fully man and God
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==== Islam ====
|8th
|strict monotheism
|prophetic
|docetism
|denial of divinity of Christ
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==== Eastern Orthodox ====
|9th
|The heresy of Eastern Orthodoxy lies in its rejection of Roman Catholic papal authority
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==== Manichaean ====
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==== Cathars ====
|12th-14th
|also called Albigensians
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==== Paulicians ====
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==== Joachimites ====
| rowspan="2" |13th
|cultish worship of the Holy Spirit
|milleniarian
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|followers of Joachim of Fiore who taught end-of-times millenarism that was to start in 1260
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|proto-Protestants
|15th
|John Wycliffe (English):

* wanted the Bible and Mass in local languages
* criticized the clergy, including to hold that priests should own no property whatsoever and must be entirely without sin
* denied Transubstantiation and intercession of the Saints
* asserted predestination

Czech priest Jan Hus held similar beliefs and led an anti-Catholic movement
|rigorism
|anti-clericalism
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* followers of Wycliffe were known as "Lollards" for 
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==== Lollards ====
|15th
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* followers of John Wycliffe who rejected the Sacraments
* "lollard" means 
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|anit-clericalism
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|Savonarola
|1490s
|Florentine priest who preached against "vanities"

* led a popular uprising, especially among youths, against art
|rigorism
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|Protestantism
|16th
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* Started by various anti-Church "reformers" of the 15th-17th centuries, Protestantism holds that salvation in Christ comes from ''belief'' in Christ alone (''sola fide''), as opposed to what they call "works", but which also thereby includes reason;
* Protestantism also holds that belief can only be derived from Scripture (''sola scriptura''), so tradition, early Church teachings, and Church doctrine promulgated outside of the Bible are invalid;
* as such, protestants do not believe in the Sacramental Economy,  Holy Orders, priestly celibacy, the Papacy, the Magisterium of the Catholic Church, Church tradition and the Saints.
|''pertinacia''
| colspan="2" |The heresies of Protestantism consist primarily of 

* denial of the Sacraments, the Magisterium of the Church, and of Transubstantiation (some Protestant churches do believe in the Eucharist)
* rejection of Papal authority
* self-exclusion from the Catholic Church
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|Mormanism
|19th
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|asceticism
|prophetic 
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|Jehovah's Witness
|19th
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|nontrinitarianism
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| rowspan="2" |Universalism
| rowspan="2" |late 18th-20th (Orijen in the early Church was accused of this heresy)
|All people will be saved 
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|nontrinitarianism
|universal salvation
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|Belief that all people will, in the end, will find God's salvation; aside from contradicting the plain words of Chris, the belief ultimately reduces salvation to belief in Christ alone, regardless of one's other beliefs or actions. Universalism is a logical extension of Protestantism's ''sola fidelis'', and makes clear why that tenant is so dangerous.
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|Modernism
|19th
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|Atheism
|20th
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