Editing Heresy (section)

== Types of heresies and heretical beliefs ==

=== Examples of heretical views of Christ and the Trinity ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Movement
!Christ as God alone
!Christ as Man alone
!Christ as other
|-
|Adoptionism
|
|Y
|adopted by God
|-
|Dosceticism
|Y
|
|Christ existed in spirit only
|-
|Gnosticism
|Y
|
|
|-
|Islam
|
|Y
|prophet 
|-
|Modalism
|Y
|
|God in the form of Christ
|-
|Subordinationism
|
|Y
|The Son is "subordinate" to the Father
|}

=== General categories of movements ===

* i.e., not a specific movement, but a type of heresy or belief that heretical movements adhered to or shared beliefs in

==== anticlericalism ====

* opposition to religious hierarchy, especially priests and Catholic Church structures
* frequently combines with the belief in the "universal priesthood" by which any person can serve or have the powers of a priest

==== asceticism ====

* requires strict compliance with religious code
* adherence to self-mortification, including
** excessive fasting
** physical pain
* abstinence from pleasure, including
** alcohol
** sex
** material goods
* isolation or monasticism
* Asceticism may be practiced by orthodox believers, especially Saints
** but as a movement that requires strict adherence it becomes heretical

==== atheism ====
* denies God or any divine existence
* holds that the world exists by random chance
** generally explains the world through the theory of evolution
* see Materialism

==== deism ====
* belief in an impersonal god, or some kind of divine creator
* does not belief in the Living God
* by extension does not belief in the divinity of Christ

==== denial of the Eucharist ====

* certain heretical movements, especially Protestants, to various degrees deny that the consecrated bread and wine become in substance fully the body and blood of Christ, which is Catholic Church doctrine
* some argue that the Lord is present in the Host, but is merely "consubstantial," meaning having two natures, and not "transubstantiated," which means changed into 
* (unrelated to the idea that the Father and the Son are "consubstantial", i.e. distinct persons of one being)

==== dissimilarity ====

* considers Christ the Son of God, but holds that the Son is "dissimilar" to the Father
* and therefore the Son is subordinate to the Father
* also called unitarianism or nontrinitarianism

==== Docetism ====

* believed that Christ was not mortal, did not actually die on the Cross
* believed that Christ's physical presence was illusionary

==== dualism ====

* belief in opposing forces or gods, generally good v. evil
** sometimes, as in Gnosticism, spiritual v. material

==== ecstaticism ====

* belief in behaviors inspired by the Holy Spirit such as speaking in tongues, surviving snake bites, and "out of body" worship

==== gnosticism ====

* denied the humanity of Christ
* loathed the material world, saw it as corrupt
* believed in a "secret wisdom" that was revealed only to followers
* came of Greek traditional religion mixed with Christianity

==== humanism ====

* world-focused outlook and not spiritual or religious
* seeks to explain reality and the human condition on purely rational terms
** i.e. denies Biblical revelation of God's truths
* elevates man above God

==== materialism ====

* denies the soul
* holds that humans are merely a chance construct of cells
* and that human consciousness is merely a physical neurological process
** holds that good will (altruism) is merely an evolutionary by-product

==== modalism ====

* belief in one God who has different "modes" but not different persons
* strict monotheism

==== Monarchianism ====

* = the general umbrella for Docestism and modalism
* denies the Trinity
* claims that God is one person only
* strict monotheism

==== monophysitism ====

* belief that the person of Christ had only a divine nature, not that of man
* Pope Leo the Great issued the "Letter of 449" or "Leo's Tome" clarifying that Christ has two natures, both fully human and fully divine.

==== "new prophesy" ====

* first found in Montanism, the idea that new prophets are or will be inspired by the Holy Spirit, outside of the Scriptural prophets
* generally charismatic movements (i,e. have a charismatic spiritual leader)
'''''pertinacia'''''

* as defined by Pope Benedict XVI (while a Cardinal), ''pertinacia'' is "the obstinacy of him who persists in his own private way"<ref>Ratzinger, Joseph (1993). ''The Meaning of Christian Brotherhood''. Ignatius Press. p. 88.

See [[wikipedia:Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church#Modern_Roman_Catholic_response_to_Protestantism|Heresy in the Catholic Church (wikipedia)]]</ref>
'''predestinationism'''

* belief that God chooses those who are to go to heaven at their birth

==== rigorism ====

* extremely literal and/or strict adherence to dogma (beliefs, Scripture, etc.)
* does not allow for exceptions or circumstances
** ex. would consider all theft wrong without exception (such as dire need)
* may also ignore contradictory or qualifying dogma
** ex. sin v. forgiveness

==== subordinationism ====

* believed in the Trinity but that God the Father is supreme and the Son is subordinate to him

==== universalism ====

* belief that all people, and as extended by some, angels and creatures, will go to heaven

see

* [[wikipedia:List_of_heresies_in_the_Catholic_Church|List of heresies in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia]]